Cited References
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A publication generated by the research study is cited in a subsequent reference including journal articles, books, book chapters, gray literature, patents, web sources, and NCBI resources. |
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Cited references are works that cite a publication generated by research study. The most common publication type generated by a research study is a peer-reviewed journal article which summarizes research findings and may refer to research data, databases, software or algorithms or other outputs. Knowing how research findings are used by other scholars and researchers can be helpful in the following ways:
- Identify similar research projects
- Identify possible collaborators
- Discover ways that the research findings are being used
- Duplication of research findings
- Confirmation of research findings
- Correction of research findings
- Improvement of research findings
- Repudiation of research findings
- Extension of research (different human populations, different animal models/species, etc.)
- Proper attribution/credit of research findings
- Quantify return on research funding
- Justification for future request for funding
- Demonstration of research impact
Assessment
Journal Articles
CINAHL Plus
CINAHL Plus provides indexing for 3,802 journals from the fields of nursing and allied health, with indexing back to 1937. CINAHL Plus also contains searchable cited references for more than 1,270 journals. Full text material includes nearly 80 journals plus legal cases, clinical innovations, critical paths, drug records, research instruments and clinical trials.
CINAHL offers a Cited References feature that provides a list of citations that cite a particular publication in the CINAHL database.
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Click “More” at the top of the CINAHL screen. From the drop down menu, select Cited References. Enclose the title of the publication in quotations in the Cited Title search box. In some instances it may be necessary to add the cited author name or the name of the research study to refine search results. If the publication has been cited by another work in the CINAHL database, a link for viewing of cited articles will display on the results page. |
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CINAHL page showing Cited References option |
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CINAHL page showing Find Citing Articles link |
Additional Resources:
Google Scholar
Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. From one place, you can search across many disciplines and sources, from academic publishers, professional societies, preprint repositories, universities and other scholarly organizations.
Google Scholar allows for searching of a particular publication or by author and retrieves results from a variety of sources such as peer-reviewed papers, theses, books, meeting abstracts, web sites, gray literature, PPTs and other formats. The results include the number of times the publication was cited in other resources or where the author’s name is noted. The results also retrieve the actual publication as well as multiple versions of the work. There may also be duplication of results.
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Enclose the title of the publication in quotations. |
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Google Scholar page showing search results for a publication |
Additional Resources:
BackISIHighlyCited
ISIHighlyCited is a freely-accessible website that provides a listing of the top researchers from 21 subject categories whose publications were the most highly cited for the period 1981-1999. Top researchers who are listed comprise less than one-half percent of all publishing researchers.
Additional Resources:
Journals
Many journals that are available in electronic format provide “cited by” statistics for a particular publication. One example is Public Library of Science (PLoS) journals. Authors who publish in PLoS Biology and PLoS Medicine can track the number of times a publication has been cited by other journal articles that are in the CrossRef system. CrossRef is a tool that provides for linking of journal articles from multiple publishers. PLoS also provides a link to the Google Scholar citation for the publication to view how many times it has been cited on Google Scholar.
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PLoS page showing citing publications |
Another example is British Medical Journal (BMJ). Authors who publish in BMJ can track the number of times a work has been cited by other journal articles as well as linking to Google Scholar to view the number of times the link of the work is cited in other publications.
Ovid (MEDLINE)
The Ovid MEDLINE database contains bibliographic citations and author abstracts from more than 4,600 biomedical journals published in the United States and in 70 other countries. The database contains well over 12 million citations dating back to the mid-1960s, including more than 130,000 population-related journal citations that were added to MEDLINE in October of 2002. Although coverage is worldwide, most records are derived from English-language sources or have English abstracts.
OvidSP’s Find Citing Articles feature (available with a Journals@Ovid subscription) in Ovid MEDLINE provides a list of citations that cite a particular publication in the Journals@Ovid database.
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Enclose the title of the publication in quotations. If there are any citing articles from Journals@Ovid for that publication, a small box titled “Find Citing Articles” will appear below the citation. Click this box to view citing articles. |
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OvidSP page showing Find Citing Articles link |
PsycINFO
PsycINFO contains more than one million citations and summaries of journal articles, book chapters, books, dissertations and technical reports, all in the field of psychology. It also includes information about the psychological aspects of related disciplines such as medicine, psychiatry, nursing, sociology, education, pharmacology, physiology, linguistics, anthropology, business and law. Journal coverage, which spans from 1887 to present, includes international material selected from more than 1,700 periodicals in over 35 languages.
PsycINFO offers a Cited References feature that provides a list of citations that cite a particular publication in the PsycINFO database.
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Select Cited References tab at the top of the screen. Enclose the title of the publication in quotations in the Cited Title search box. In some instances it may be necessary to add the cited author name to refine search results. |
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PsycINFO page showing Find Citing Articles link |
PubFocus
PubFocus is a database that uses the MEDLINE database and provides a feature called Forward Citations. The Forward Citations feature provides the number of times a particular publication has been cited by works archived in PubMed Central.
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Enclose the title of the publication in quotations. |
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PubFocus page showing Forward Citations link |
PubMed Faceoff
PubMed Faceoff is a “mash-up” database that uses the MEDLINE database, Scopus and the Eigenfactor of a journal, and provides a visualization technique using facial expressions to display citation impact factors for papers. It provides an expected citation count, the actual count and a percentile figure to demonstrate citation impact.
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Enclose the title of the publication in quotations. |
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PubMed Faceoff page showing search results |
ScienceDirect
ScienceDirect is a database that contains over 25% of the world’s science, technology and medicine full text and bibliographic information (journals and books) published by Elsevier and other publishers.
ScienceDirect offers a search feature that displays cited references (journal articles or books) for a specific author or publication.
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ScienceDirect page showing search options |
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ScienceDirect page showing results for Mae Gordon |
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ScienceDirect page showing the Cited By option |
Additional Resources:
Scopus
Scopus is a large abstract and citation database of research literature and web sources. Updated daily, Scopus offers:
- Over 16,000 peer-reviewed journals from more than 4,000 publishers
- Over 1,200 Open Access journals
- 520 conference proceedings
- 650 trade publications
- 315 book series
- 23 million patent records
Scopus provides a Citation Tracker feature that allows for a listing of articles, web sources and patents that cite a particular publication since 1996. What makes Scopus one of the most powerful citation tracker databases is that Scopus indexes from over 16,000 journals. The Citation Tracker feature also allows for generation of a Citation Overview chart and for removal of self-citations from the overall citation counts.
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Enclose the title of the publication in quotations. |
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Scopus page showing search results |
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When searching for a group of publications generated by a research study, perform a separate search for each publication. Check the box to the left of the publication and select Add to List. When finished adding the publications to the List, select My List at the top of the Scopus page. Check all the boxes to the left of each publication and select Citation Tracker to generate a Citation Overview report. Note that Citation Tracker tracks articles published from 1996 to current; thus publications before 1996 will not be included in the Citation Overview Report. There is also an option to exclude self-citations from the Citation Overview report |
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Scopus page showing Add to List and My List features |
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Scopus page showing Citation Tracker feature |
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Scopus page showing Citation Overview |
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Scopus page showing Citation Overview report example |
Additional Resources:
- Scopus Citation Tracker
- Scopus Tutorial – Create a Citation Overview for a Particular Author
- Scopus Tutorial – Create a Citation for a Specific Topic
- Scopus Tutorial – Use the Refine Box to View a Summary of Citing Documents
Web of Knowledge – Essential Science Indicators
Thomson/Web of Knowledge also provides another database that provides for assessment of intellectual impact, Essential Science Indicators (ESI)*. ESI provides for assessment of intellectual impact by analyzing the citation rate for a publication against other publications in a particular area of research or multiple areas of research. Baselines for assessment of impact of research are generated by data tables that reflect median/average citation rates for publications in a particular area of research or multiple areas of research. ESI also includes Research Fronts that identifies a group of core highly cited papers in a specialized topic defined by a cluster analysis. This database is highly recommended as it provides baselines for comparisons within a particular area of research as well as multiple areas of research.
*Not subscribed by Becker Medical Library.
Additional Resources:
Web of Knowledge – Inspec
Produced by the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE), Inspec is a leading English-language bibliographic information service providing access to the world’s scientific and technical literature in the following fields: Physics, Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Communications, Control Engineering, Computers. Computing, Information Technology, Manufacturing, and Production Engineering. Coverage is from 1898 to the present.
Inspec allows for viewing of citing publications for a particular publication or by author and retrieves results from a variety of sources such as peer-reviewed papers, meeting abstracts, dissertations, reports, books, book chapters, and report sections.
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Enclose the title of the publication in quotations in the search box. In some instances it may be necessary to add the cited author name or the name of the research study to refine search results. If the publication has been cited by another work in the Inspec database, a link for viewing of cited materials will display on the results page. |
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Web of Knowledge – Web of Science
Web of Science allows for concurrent searching of the following databases:
- Science Citation Index Expanded (1980-present)
- Science Citation Index Expanded is a multidisciplinary index to the journal literature of the sciences. It fully indexes over 6,650 major journals across 150 scientific disciplines and includes all cited references captured from indexed articles.
- Social Sciences Citation Index (1980-present)
- The Social Sciences Citation Index is a multidisciplinary index to the journal literature of the social sciences. It fully indexes over 1,950 journals across 50 social sciences disciplines. It also indexes individually selected, relevant items from over 3,300 of the world’s leading scientific and technical journals.
- Arts and Humanities Citation Index (1980-present)
- Arts & Humanities Citation Index is a multidisciplinary index to the journal literature of the arts and humanities. It fully covers 1,160 of the world’s leading arts and humanities journals. It also indexes individually selected, relevant items from over 6,800 major science and social science journals.
A Cited Reference Search will provide the number of times a particular publication has been cited in the Web of Science database since its publication. According to Thomson, a Cited Reference Search will “. . . discover how a known idea or innovation has been confirmed, applied, improved, extended, or corrected.”
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Select the Cited Reference Search tab and enter the citation information for the publication as noted. On the results page check the box next to the desired publication. Select Finish Search to view a list of cited materials for the publication. Materials include peer-reviewed papers, meeting abstracts, dissertations, reports, books, book chapters, and report sections. |
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Web of Science page showing how to select a publication to run a report |
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Web of Science page showing Cited Reference Search results |
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Web of Science page that shows formatting of citation analysis report |
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Web of Science page that shows ranking of cited references by institution |
Additional Resources:
Web of Science Citation Map Tool
A new feature at Web of Science that is still in beta testing is the Citation Map tool. This allows for a visual representation of first generation cited publications and second generation cited publications (those publications that cite the first generation publications that cited the research study).
To start the Citation Map tool search, do a search for a particular publication.
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Web of Science page showing Citation Map tool |
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Web of Science Citation Map options |
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Web of Science 2nd Generation display page showing cited-bys by Author |
Additional Resources:
Yahoo!
Yahoo! allows for searching of a particular article and retrieves results from a variety of sources such as peer-reviewed papers, theses, books, meeting abstracts, web sites, gray literature, and others.
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Enclose the title of the publication in quotations. |
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Yahoo! search results page |
Books/Book Chapters
While the majority of scientific research publications tends to be in the form of peer-reviewed journals there may be an instance where a monograph/book or book chapter was produced. Usage of monographs/books and book chapters are difficult to track as these publications are not typically indexed by databases but are noted in catalogs.
Bibliographies
One source to consult for assessment of impact from a monograph/book is a bibliography applicable to the area of research. Bibliographies are not common in the area of scientific research except for subjects related to the history of medicine. Bibliographies can be found by checking a library catalog.
Google Scholar and Yahoo!
Search engines such as Google Scholar and Yahoo! include books or book chapters within the results of a search.
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Enclose the title of the book or book chapter in quotations along with the author. |
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ScienceDirect
ScienceDirect is a database that contains over 25% of the world’s science, technology and medicine full text and bibliographic information (journals and books) published by Elsevier and other publishers.
ScienceDirect offers a search feature that displays cited references (journal articles or books) for a specific author or publication.
See ScienceDirect in the Journal Articles section above for more information.
WorldCat
One form of assessment for use of monographs/books is determining how many libraries have the monograph/book in their collection. WorldCat allows for searching of a monograph (book) and provides a list of OCLC libraries that have the monograph in their collection.
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Enclose the title of the publication in quotations. |
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WorldCat record with link to libraries worldwide that own the item |
Gray Literature
Google Scholar
Google Scholar allows for searching of a particular publication and retrieves results from a variety of sources such as peer-reviewed papers, theses/dissertations, books, meeting abstracts, web sites, gray literature, PPTs, and other formats. The results include the number of times the publication was cited in other resources.
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Enclose the title of the publication in quotations. |
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Google Scholar page showing search results |
Yahoo!
Yahoo! allows for searching of a particular publication and retrieves results from a variety of sources such as peer-reviewed papers, theses/dissertations, books, meeting abstracts, web sites, gray literature, and others.
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Enclose the title of the publication in quotations. |
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Patents
Scopus
Scopus is a large abstract and citation database of research literature and web sources. It’s designed to find the information scientists need. Quick, easy and comprehensive, Scopus provides superior support of the literature research process. Updated daily, Scopus offers:
- Over 16,000 peer-reviewed journals from more than 4,000 publishers
- Over 1,200 Open Access journals
- 520 conference proceedings
- 650 trade publications
- 315 book series
- 23 million patent records
Scopus displays references to patent applications (US and European Patent Offices and World Intellectual Property Organization) that cite a particular publication since 1996.
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Enclose the title of the publication in quotations. On the right side of the search results page a box titled “Cited By – Patents” will display if there are any patents that include the publication in the patent application files. Click on the patent results to view a list of patents. Select the “Extended Format” viewing option if the Cited By – Web Sources box does not appear. |
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Scopus page showing Cited By - Patents |
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Scopus page showing patent results |
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Patent and Full-Text and Full-Page Image Database
The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office provides the Patent Full-Text and Full-Page Image Databases, offering full-text since 1976 and full-page images since 1790.
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When searching for patents that cite a particular publication, select quick search and enclose the title of the publication in quotations. |
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USPTO page showing search results |
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USPTO page showing a specific patent referring to a publication from a research study |
Web Sources
Scopus
Scopus is a large abstract and citation database of research literature and web sources. It’s designed to find the information scientists need. Quick, easy and comprehensive, Scopus provides superior support of the literature research process. Updated daily, Scopus offers:
- Over 16,000 peer-reviewed journals from more than 4,000 publishers
- Over 1,200 Open Access journals
- 520 conference proceedings
- 650 trade publications
- 315 book series
- 23 million patent records
Scopus displays citations from the web that cite a particular publication since 1996.
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Enclose the title of the publication in quotations. On the right side of the search results page a box titled “Cited By – Web Sources” will display if there are any web sources that note the publication. Click on the web sources results to view a list of web sources. TIP: Select the “Extended Format” viewing option if the Cited By – Web Sources box does not appear. |
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Scopus page showing Cited By - Web Sources |
NCBI Resources
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) allows for cross-searching of many databases including PubMed, PubMed Central, books, and a variety of other resources such as: nucleotide, protein, structure, taxonomy, genome, expression, and chemical databases. A cross-search allows for searching of multiple databases simultaneously and the results in NCBI are displayed to allow for presentation of search results by individual resource. NCBI is especially useful for research studies that generate biological materials. Check each resource that displays search results to find possible citing sources.
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NCBI search results page |
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Last updated: June 1, 2009